DYNA JOURNAL ENGINEERING

Key words:

Electric vehicle, Hydrogen, Renewable energy, Fossil fuel, Synthetic fuel. Energy storage, Transport sector, Decarbonization.

Article type:

COLABORACION/COLLABORATION DAMR

Section:

COLLABORATIONS

The current situation in the transport sector is generating major discussions at a political and scientific level, given that a large part of the pollution and greenhouse gas generation comes from this sector, so it is considered a priority to find solutions that can improve efficiency in the transport sector.
This article analyzes and compares three main alternatives to reduce CO2 emissions in transport: electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles and vehicles with synthetic fuel (E-fuel).
Taking into account the current electric sector in Spain, the results show that electric vehicles have the lowest CO2 emissions, with approximately 27.8 gCO2/km, significantly lower than the 120 gCO2/km of the least polluting gasoline vehicles. Hydrogen vehicles have emissions between 87 and 95 gCO2/km, while E-fuel vehicles have emissions between 268 and 295 gCO2/km. If electricity sources were renewable. This last case emission would decrease considerably.
In addition to emissions, the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed, including the need for new infrastructure and energy efficiency. Electric vehicles require a charging infrastructure and present challenges in autonomy and battery recycling. Hydrogen vehicles need production plants and storage systems, while E-fuel, although they can use existing infrastructure, depends heavily on the availability of renewable energy to be sustainable.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, Hydrogen, Renewable energy, Fossil fuel, Synthetic fuel. Energy storage, Transport sector, Decarbonization.