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Up to now, existing quantum computers have not been able to perform processes that could not be carried out with the classic supercomputers available. This is because they have not been able to achieve devices with sufficient qbits, nor have they avoided the small perturbations inherent in the delicate conditions in which they must work.
According to IBM's project, the quantum computers it is building could only reach up to 5,000 qubits with current technology, which is still not enough for usable computing. To go further, new technological advances will be required, and this is where IBM's relationship with the universities mentioned above comes into play.
The University of Tokyo will focus its work on solving the problems posed by quantum algorithms and developing the supply chain for the components required for a project of these dimensions, such as electronics, cryogenics, control, etc. His expertise is proven as he leads the Quantum Innovation Initiative Consortium (QIIC), which brings together academia, government and industry to develop quantum computing technology and create an ecosystem around it.
In addition, the University of Chicago will lead efforts to develop quantum communication networks that allow large quantum circuits to be divided into subcircuits that are supported by smaller devices and achieve greater resilience to errors in these systems. It has demonstrated its capability through the Chicago Quantum Exchange (CQE) which operates a quantum network over which it is possible to study long-range quantum communication.
IBM is not the only organization to announce major projects. Google talks of reaching up to one million qbits, but with only 10,000 available to operate in computations, Maryland-based IonQ aims to have 1,024 "logical qubits" by 2028 and Palo Alto-based PsiQuantum also aims to build a million-qubit quantum computer, but without specifying a likely date or operational characteristics...